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The French holdings in North Africa provided one of the main
sources of manpower for the CEFEO. In July 1953, there were 30,000
North Africans serving in Indochina, as static garrisons, parts
of the Groupes Mobile (GMs) or other mobile duties. The Tirailleurs
(riflemen), Goumiers (Moroccan irregular infantry) and spahis
(cavalry) from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, served throughout
the war in many roles. The other North African units (i.e. the
Colonial infantry and artillery) are not included here, but will
be covered elsewhere.
Algerians
Tirailleurs
Each Régiment de Tirailleurs Algériens (RTA
- Algerian Rifle Regiment) was required, in early 1947, to form
a March Battalion for service in Indochina, as part of the 1re
Demi-Brigade de Marche de Tirailleurs Algériens (1re DBMTA
- 1st March Demi-Brigade of Algerian Rifles). These were to return
to their original units after a two-year tour. From 1950, the
battalions stayed in place in Indochina, and were relieved by
detachments from Algeria or Germany, to replace the time-expired
personnel.
In addition, four of the Bataillons de Pionniers Nord-Africains
(BPNA) - formed in 1945-46 to guard depots of US military surplus
material - were renamed (using the designations of previous tirailleur
battalions, dissolved in 1940) and sent to Indochina.
Also, the 7e RTA was sent in 1953 from garrison duty in Germany
to serve in Indochina.
The uniform and personal equipment of the Algerian Tirailleurs
was generally a mixture of pre-WW2 French, WW2 US or British,
and some post-WW2 French patterns. The bush-hat was popular in
the field, though the US pattern steel helmet is also often seen
on photographs, with the chèche (worn as a turban) mainly
reserved for parades. Armament was typical for all CEFEO units
(mixture of MAS 36 and M1 Garand rifles, plus FM 24/29 and 60mm
or 81mm mortars as support). Tirailleurs used the standard CEFEO
battalion organisation of HQ company and 4 rifle companies (often
reduced to 3 companies in practice).
The units of Algerian Tirailleurs which served in Indochina
were:
Unit |
Dates of Service |
Notes |
BM/1er RTA |
26/03/47 -22/04/49 |
Part of 1re DBMTA. Served 5 months in Cochinchina, then 09-12/47
in Tonkin, before returning to Cochinchina (Thu Dau Mot, Vinh
Long, Chau Doc) and Cambodia. Relieved by the 22e BTA. |
BM/2e RTA |
26/03/47 -26/07/49 |
Part of the 1re DBMTA. Operated in Cochinchina (My Tho, Plain
of Reeds, Long Xuyen, Rach Gia). |
BM/7e RTA |
26/03/47 -17/08/49 |
Formed from III/7e RTA in Germany. Part of 1re DBMTA. Operated
in Cochinchina (Ben Tre), Cambodia (09-10/48), then Cochinchina
again (Ben Tre and Bien Hoa). |
BM/3e RTA |
30/04/47 -07/09/49 |
Initially operated in Cochinchina (Sa Dec, Tra Vinh), then Tonkin
11/48 - 8/49 |
201e BMTA |
12/10/47 |
The 1er BM/201e RPNA became the 201e BMTA and operated in Tonkin
(guarding the RC5), then moved to Cochinchina (01-03/48) to guard
the rubber plantations. Became 21e BTA on 16/02/48. |
205e BMTA |
17/11/47 |
Formed from the 205e BPNA, and became part of the 4e Demi-Brigade
Algéro-Marocaine (4e DBAM - 4th Algero-Moroccan Demi-Brigade).
Occupied the guard posts of the Cao Bang sector. Became the 23e
BTA on 16/02/48. |
217e BTA |
20/11/47 |
Formed from elements of the 217e BPNA and gendarmerie, and became
part of the 4e DBAM. Stationed in Cochinchina (Cai Lay, Thu Dau
Mot). Became 25e BTA on 16/02/48. |
21e BTA |
16/02/48 -10/01/50 |
Renamed from the 201e BMTA. Served in Cochinchina until 03/48,
then Tonkin (security on the RC4 between Cao Bang and Lang Son). |
23e BTA |
16/02/48 -31/03/49 |
Manned the guard posts in Cao Bang sector until relieved by 25e
BTA (and disbanded in situ). |
25e BTA |
16/02/48 -01/02/50 |
Renamed from the 217e BTA. Moved from Cochinchina to Tonkin in
10/48, occupying the Cao Bang sector, and then Son Tay. Relieved
in 01/50 by the 4e BM/7e RTA. |
22e BTA |
20/02/49 -15/11/54 |
Formed from the 200e BPNA. Initially operated in Cochinchina
(My Tho, Vinh Long), then air-transported to Tonkin in 01/51
for service in the Red River Delta (Vinh Yen, Phat Diem, Nam
Dinh, Bui Chu) until its' disbandment. |
BM/6e RTA |
08/06/49 -31/07/54 |
Served in Cochinchina (Rach Gia and Tra Vinh) until its' embarkment
for Tonkin in 12/50. Then served at Haiphong, and subsequently
several sectors in the Delta (Bac Ninh, Dap Cau, Ha Dong) until
the cease-fire. Disbanded at Hanoi. |
2e BM/3e RTA |
03/07/49 - 03/55 |
Relieved the BM/7e RTA in Cochinchina, and operated in Thu Dau
Mot and Ben Cat until 01/54, when it was moved to Seno (Laos). |
2e BM/2e RTA |
28/07/49 -30/09/54 |
Operated in Tonkin (Son Tay, Phuc Yen, Lao Kay, Lai Chu, RC6
posts) until 05/54. After the cease-fire, became I/21e RTA. |
4e BM/7e RTA |
25/08/49 -30/09/54 |
Attached to the GMNA. Operated primarily in Tonkin, with interludes
in Central Annam (05-06/50) and Cambodia (09-10/53). Operated
in most of the Red River Delta during the course of many operations,
and in 1954 became responsible for the security of the Hanoi-Haiphong
railway. After the cease-fire, became the II/21e RTA on 01/10/54. |
2e BM/1er RTA |
10/09/49 -07/05/54 |
Arrived in Tonkin with the GMNA, and operated here until 1954.
Initially stationed in the Delta, but served upcountry in 1952,
and in the Thai Highlands during 1953, before returning to the
Delta. Then part of GM6, the battalion was air-transported to
Dien Bien Phu in 12/53, and occupied the "Isabelle"
position before being destroyed in 05/54. |
27e BTA |
18/10/49 -15/12/54 |
Formed from elements of the 201e BPNA, 2e and 6e RTA. Operated
in Annam (Quang Tri, Dong Hoi, Dong Ha). Transported in two waves
to Tonkin in 1953, and operated in Mid-Laos from 12/53 - 06/54,
then again in Tonkin (06-11/54). Transfered to Tourane (Da Nang)
and disbanded. |
3e BM/3e RTA |
15/12/49 -07/05/54 |
Arrived in Tonkin to provide security for Chinese refugees in
Tien Yen and That Khe, then sent to Cochinchina (05/50) where
they participated in a long series of operations in Thu Dau Mot,
Lai Thieu and Ben Cat. Briefly served in Cambodia (06/52), then
in Central Annam in the summer of 1952. Becoming part of the
general reserve, they returned to Tonkin in 11/52, operating
in Phat Diem, Ha Dong, and on the RC6. Sent to Cochinchina (07/53),
then Central Annam (08/53), and they were air-transported to
the Plain of Jars (Laos) before returning to Tonkin in 09/53.
Attached to GM 9, they operated in the Delta until 12/53, when
they were air-transported to Dien Bien Phu, where they occupied
the "Dominique" position until their destruction in
early 05/54. |
3e BM/1er RTA |
12/01/50 -30/09/54 |
Arrived in Tonkin for service in the Delta (Nam Dinh, Phat Diem,
Bac Ninh). From 06/51 - 08/52 served in Nha Trang (Annam), then
returned to Tonkin for operations around Lai Chau and Na Sam
(1953), then back to the Delta as part of GM 1. Part of the defence
of Seno (Laos) from 01-04/54, then returned to Tonkin. Became
the III/21e RTA after the cease-fire. |
3e BM/2e RTA |
13/04/51 -31/08/54 |
Operated in Tonkin (Nam Dinh, Phu Ly, Son Tay, Ninh Giang, Ke
Sat). Disbanded in situ. |
5e BM/7e RTA |
03/05/51 -15/03/54 |
Served in Tonkin until transfered to Dien Bien Phu, defending
the "Gabrielle" position until destroyed. |
7e RTA |
26/10/53 - 12/54 |
Sent from Germany with all 3 battalions. Debarked at Tourane
(Da Nang) to form the infantry component of GM 10 for operations
around Tourane, then in the Plei Ku - Nha Trang region. After
the cease-fire, monitored the DMZ (17th Parallel) until relieved
by the 8e RTM (Moroccans) in 12/54. |
22e RTA |
01/07/54 -30/10/55 |
A March Regiment, formed from 3 battalions raised from the 3
RTAs with the 21e DIA (Division d'Infanterie Algériens)
in Algeria. Arriving in Cochinchina, they formed the infantry
of GM 101, which served around Bien Hoa until their repatriation. |
21e RTA |
01/10/54 - 06/55 |
Reconstituted after the cease-fire from various March Battalions
and GM 1, this Regiment guarded the fort at Haiphong until 05/55,
then left for Cochinchina and embarkation to Algeria. |
Spahis
The 2e and 3e Régiments de Spahis Algériens
(RSA) each provided a squadron for the RSMEO (see under Moroccan
Spahis).
The 8e Groupe d'Escadrons de Spahis Algériens (GESA),
together with 2 squadrons (dismounted) from the 6e and 9e GESAs,
arrived in Tonkin on the 18/04/49 as the 8e Groupe de Spahis
Algériens à Pied. They initially operated on RC5
and in the sub-sector of Dap Cau. Operated from 05-06/50 around
Hué, then returned to Tonkin for service in the Delta,
notably with GM 3. In 02/51, they became the 8e Groupe d'Escadrons
Algériens Portés, forming (with 2 squadrons of
M-24 Chaffees of the 1er Chasseurs) 2 armoured groups. Their
4th Squadron was composed of Muong (tribal) personnel. The unit
was renamed the 8e RSA on 01/01/53, and continued to operate
with the 1er Chasseurs. Reorganised in 10/53, they then comprised
a tank squadron, a squadron carried in M3 half-tracks, and 3
squadrons mounted in GMC trucks. They operated in the south of
the Red River Delta and on RC5 before being moved to Cochinchina
in 11/54, before embarkation for Algeria in 07/55.
Moroccans
Tirailleurs
In all, there were 21 battalions of Moroccan tirailleurs employed
in Indochina between 1947 and 1956. Their main service was in
Tonkin (17 battalions), but they also served in Cochinchina (8
bns), Annam (5 bns) and Laos (7 bns). There was only intermittent
duty in Cambodia.
Initially, as for the other tirailleurs, march battalions
were sent from Morocco for two-year tours, and then returned.
But, from 1950, the units remained in place and were relieved
by periodic detachments from Morocco. The battalions followed
the normal CEFEO pattern, with the usual mix of French (pre-
and post-WW2), US and British uniforms and equipment. The bush-hat,
steel helmet or chèche (as turban, or worn under the helmet)
seem to be the most common headgear. Weapons as per other CEFEO
troops.
The units of Tirailleurs Marocains which served in
Indochina were:
Unit |
Service Dates |
Notes |
BM/6e RTM (III/6e RTM) |
28/02/47 - 20/04/49 |
Commanded by Cdt. Vanuxem. The 11e Cie, air-transported from
Saigon to Dien Bien Phu on 14/03/47, operated in the North-West,
relieving Lai Chau and Sam Neua. The rest of the bn joined in
April, and they took part in combat in the Son Tay sector, then
took part in Operation Papillon (around RC6) in the autumn.
Became the III/6e RTM. |
BM/5e RTM |
27/03/47 - 11/06/49 |
Operated in the Red River Delta, and around Haiphong and Quang
Yen. Part of Operation Léa. Moved to Cochinchina
in 01/48, taking part in a sweep of the Plain of Reeds and Ben
Tre, before returning to the Haiphong area. |
BM/4e RTM |
01/05/47 - 11/09/49 |
Operated in Cochinchina around Bien Hoa, Pleiku, Ba Ria, Sa Dec
and My Tho. Their amphibious commando (under Lt. Oufkir) successfully
worked with Dinassaut 2 between 04/48 and 04/49. |
BM/2e RTM |
03/05/47 - 14/07/49 |
After landing at Tourane (Da Nang), the bn was based at Faifo
(Hoi An), then Quang Tri. Relieved by the 3e BM/2e RTM. |
214e BMTM |
13/11/47 - 10/01/50 |
Operating on the edge of the Red River Delta, the unit was renamed
the 1er BM/3e RTM, and held the sector at Sept Pagodes (NE of
Hanoi). With the arrival of the 3e RTM in Indochina, the unit
was renamed as the BM/7e RTM (16/03/49). |
207e BMTM |
13/11/48 - 05/05/50 |
Arrived from Madagascar at Cap Saint-Jacques (Cochinchina), and
was renamed the 10e BTM on 27/05/49. Operated around Bien Hoa,
then Go Cong. |
I/3e RTM |
20/02/49 - 01/55 |
This unit served all over Indochina. Initially in Cochinchina,
where it was used as a mobile bn, then served in Tonkin from
17/01/51 with GM7 at Sept Pagodes, before being assigned to Annam
in 07/51, where it operated against the VM 95th bn until 23/11/52.
Then followed various rapid changes of posting - back to Tonkin
(Na Sam), then briefly in Cambodia (protecting plantations),
before returning to Tonkin in late 09/53 for Operation Mouette.
Then served in northern Laos with Groupement Vaudrey, before
joining GM4 in Tonkin. This unit became 3e RTM after the cease
fire. |
II/3e RTM |
20/02/49 - 01/55 |
Arrived with its' sister bn, and served in Cochinchina until
17/01/51, before being moved to Tonkin for the remainder of the
war. |
BM/8e RTM |
07/05/49 - 10/05/51 |
Operated in Tonkin - relieved BM/5e RTM in the north-east coastal
sector. Maintained security on RC4, between Lang Son and Dong
Khe. Part of the Lepage column (with 1er BEP), and scattered
at Coc Xa (02-07/10/50). |
3e BM/2e RTM |
25/05/49 - 30/09/54 |
Formed part of the Central Annam GM until relieved by the I/3e
RTM, and sent to Tonkin to become part of GM3. Also operated
in Laos (air-lifted into Luang Prabang, 04/53, until 07/53) and
Cambodia (summer 1953). After the cease-fire, became I/9e RTM. |
2e BM/4e RTM |
09/06/49 - 30/09/54 |
Operated around Tourane (Da Nang), Hué (1951-52) and Dong
Hoi (1952-53). Sent to reinforce the air-land base at Seno (Laos)
in 11/53. Heavy losses in action with GM 2 around Takkek. Became
part of Groupement Vaudrey, and fought with GM 1 and GM 2 in
Laos. Returned to Seno in 08/54, and then to Cochinchina. Became
the III/9e RTM on 01/10/54. |
2e BM/1er RTM |
02/08/49 - 30/09/54 |
Arrived in Cochinchina, and served as a mobile battalion before
being air-lifted to Tonkin in 12/51. Then debarked at Tourane
on 28/03/52, for service around Hué and Dong Hoi. From
11/52 - 06/53, operated in the Thai Highlands (Lai Chau) including
service with GM 2. Returning to Annam, fought against TD 95 along
the "rue sans joie" with 2e BM/4e RTM, then back to
Tonkin in 10/53, before being sent to relieve Seno with GM 2.
After service in Laos, went back to Tonkin and became the I/8e
RTM on 01/10/54. |
III/6e RTM |
25/08/49 - 30/09/54 |
After a brief return to Morocco, the renamed BM/6e RTM returned
to Tonkin, where it was quickly redesignated as the II/6e RTM
and attached to the GMNA (Groupe mobile nord-africain), which
operated around Phat Diem, Bui Chu and Phu Ly. In 10/50, the
GMNA became the GM 1, and was involved in the Vinh Yen campaign,
and then in various major operations such as Meduse, Reptile
and Amphibie in the Red River Delta, and Arc-en-ciel
(a follow-up to Hoa Binh). Involved in Operation Lorraine, then
air-lifted to Luang Prabang, and after some combat duty in Laos
returned to Tonkin for service with GMs 1 and 4, relieving attacked
posts in the north. Renamed III/3e RTM before evacuation. |
3e BM/4e RTM |
12/12/49 - 30/09/54 |
Relieved the BM/7e RTM and operated in the Red River Delta and
then the Thai Highlands (03-09/50). Attached to the GM 4 on 01/12/50,
and fought in the Vinh Yen battles. Part of some major operation
in the delta (Meduse & Reptile), around Nam
Dinh, then back into the delta (Crachin, Amphibie). Part
of Operation Lorraine, then Gerfaut towards the
end of 1953. Later carried out security duties along RP 21 and
RF 1. Became II/9e RTM on 01/10/54. |
1er BM/1er RTM |
29/12/50 - 30/09/54 |
Initially sent to the coastal region of Tonkin (around Tien Yen),
and attached to GM 2 in 03/51, then GM 7 (05/51) at Sept Pagodes.
Fought in some of the major delta operations (Crachin
& Amphibie). Involved in the evacuation of Vietri,
and sweeping RC 2, before being engaged around Sept Pagodes.
Later served with GMs 1 and 4 in the running fights around the
northern static positions. Became I/8e RTM on 01/10/54. |
1er BM/4e RTM |
29/12/50 - 07/05/54 |
Attached to GM 4 (as III/4e RTM, above). Air-lifted to Dien Bien
Phu on 15/01/54, and replaced the 3e BT on "Eliane"
(and subject to an assault by the 308, 312 and 316 VM divisions).
At the end of April, was holding the Mont Chauve, "Hugette"
and "Lili" positions, before being wiped out on 07/05/54. |
3e BM/1er RTM |
17/08/51 - 30/09/54 |
Initially in Cochinchina, then sent north to Tonkin with the
other Moroccan units. Moved to Seno (10/52), and involved in
combat around Takkek, before later returning to Tonkin (including
service in the confused fighting around the static posts in the
north). Became III/8e RTM on 01/10/54. |
4e BM/2e RTM |
01/09/51 - 30/09/54 |
Initially in Cochinchina, then served in Tonkin, Cambodia (summer
of 1953), Tonkin again, and was sent to Luang Prabang (Laos)
with GM 7 in 02/54, taking part in the defence of the Seno base
before regrouping at Pakse. Then fought along the RC 9 as part
of Groupement Vaudrey. Became IV/5e RTM on 01/04/54, and guarded
RC 13 in southern Laos. After the ceasefire returned briefly
to Seno before redeploying to Cochinchina. Redesignated as the
II/9e RTM on 01/10/54. |
5e RTM |
22/10/53 - 10/12/54 |
The 3 battalions of this regiment arrived in Tonkin from Germany
and formed the infantry component of the new GM 8. Took part
in Operation Gerfaut at the end of 1953. In 07/54 took
part of the defence of RP 21 and RF 1, and was heavily engaged
in the defence of Phu Ly, and later at Duong La. Engaged to the
west of the Day, the regiment relieved the Son Tay sector, before
returning to Haiphong on 21/07/54. |
Goums
These irregular units were formed of volunteer tribesmen from
the Atlas Mountains, who now had to adapt to a new style of combat,
and a climate very different to their homeland. The Moroccan
goumiers were formed into Tabors (battalions) of
three Goums (companies) plus a Goum de commandement,
d'accompagnement et de transmissions (GCAT - i.e. HQ company).
Their uniform was basically that worn during the campaigns of
1943-45 in Italy, with the khaki cotton uniform being most often
worn in Indochina without the djellaba (a loose gown,
with a hood, worn over the uniform and belted) - though the djellaba
was worn in the Tonkin highlands, especially during winter. The
gandourah (loose, light khaki cotton "arabic"
overshirt) was also fairly common. On their departure for Indochina,
the goumiers were issued with colonial sun-helmets, but these
were little worn, as were steel helmets. The favoured headgear
was a turban formed from the chèche (in light khaki) or
a bush-hat. French officers wore either a sky-blue kepi, or side-cap
(light blue over sky blue).
Armament for the goumiers was as per the rest of the CEFEO;
MAT 49 SMG, MAS 36 rifle, FM24/29 (LMG), Reibel MAC 31 MG, US
MGs, and mortars in 60mm or 81mm calibres.
In August 1948, the 10e Tabor arrived in Indochina, followed
by the 8e (December 1948) and 3e (June 1949). From June 1949,
there were always three Tabors present in Indochina, forming
the Groupement de Tabors Marocains d'Extrême Orient
(GTMEO). Each Tabor was relieved after a two-year tour.
Operating principally in Tonkin (in the Red River Delta, the
mountains of the Thai hill tribes, and the north-eastern border
with China). In October 1950, they suffered heavy losses in the
fighting along RC4, where the 8e Tabor was virtually annihilated.
During 1952-3, the 9e Tabor was based on the highland of Central
Annam, while others operated in Laos in 1953-4 (5e, then 10e
and 8e Tabors). In total, nine Tabors served in Indochina, with
two (the 8e and 10e) serving for a second tour. Their losses
during the Indochina War were 16 officers, 41 NCOs and 730 goumiers
killed.
Unit |
Commander |
Composition |
Service Dates |
10e Tabor |
Cdt Dugué MacCarthy |
Goums 84, 85, 86, GCAT |
August 1946 - July 1950 |
8e Tabor |
Cdt Guérin
Cdt de Séze |
Goums 78, 79, 80, GCAT |
December 1946 - October 1950 (destroyed on RC4) |
3e Tabor |
Cdt de Cherge |
Goums 4, 36, 51, GCAT |
June 1949 - March 1951 |
1er Tabor |
Cdt Feaugas (POW)
Cdt Riez |
Goums 58, 59, 60, GCAT (20e Goum replaced the 59e in May 1951) |
June 1950 - April 1952 |
11e Tabor |
Cdt Delcros
Cdt Arbola
Cne Donot |
Goums 3, 5, 8, GCAT |
August 1950 - July 1952 |
17e Tabor |
Cdt Saulay |
Goums 14, 18, 22, GCAT |
January 1951 - November 1952 |
9e Tabor |
Cdt Commaret |
Goums 9, 42, 46, GCAT 17 |
April 1952 - April 1954 |
5e Tabor |
Cdt Marquez
Cne Azam
Cdt Gastine |
Goums 7, 10, 32, GCAT 38 |
June 1952 - June 1954 |
2e Tabor |
Cdt Mirabeau
Cdt Borie |
Goums 21, 33, 66, GCAT 15 |
November 1952 - October 1954 |
10e Tabor |
Cdt Coudry |
Goums 34, 40, 43, GCAT 80 |
February - November 1954 |
8e Tabor |
Cdt Rouast |
Goums 13, 19, 45, GCAT 12 |
April - November 1954 |
Spahis
The first spahi unit to arrive in Indochina after WW2 was
the 7th Squadron of the Régiment de Marche de Spahis Marocains
(RMSM), under Capt. Duplay, which served in Saigon for a year
from 20/10/45, before returning to France. Further units of spahis
were:
Unit |
Dates of Service |
Notes |
Régiment de Marche de Spahis d'Extrème-Orient (RMSEO) |
28/02/47 - 01/12/47 |
Formed in 01/47 from 5 March Squadrons provided by the 1er RMSM,
2e and 3e RSA, 1er, 3e, 5e and 12e RCA (Régiment de Chasseurs
d'Afrique). The first 3 squadrons (which were raised from the
1er RMSM, 2e and 3e RSA, and 3e RCA) were equipped with M8 Greyhound
armoured cars, and the men wore the red forage cap of the spahis.
The 4th Squadron (raised from the 5e RCA) had no armoured vehicles
and wore the Chasseurs d'Afrique forage cap. The 5th Squadron
(from the 1er and 12e RCA) was equipped with scout-cars and half-tracks.
The unit was initially used to reform the 9th Dragoons (which
had been disbanded about 6 months earlier), but became the RMSEO
on 01/04/47, based in Cochinchina. With armoured reinforcements
in 05/47, they provided security along the roads from My Tho
to Can Tho, Long Xuyen to Tra Vinh, and Chau Doc to Ca Mau. Became
the 2e RSM on 01/12/47. |
2e RSM |
01/12/47 - 31/03/55 |
Remaining in Cochinchina, the Regiment served in Cai Be (1947),
Vinh Long (1948-53). Ba Ria (1953-54). A Moroccan Commando (dismounted)
was provided by the Regiment from 1949-54, and a patrol-boat
squadron (based at Co May) from 1953-54. Regrouping at Lai Khe
(12/54), the Regiment embarked for Morocco in 03/55. |
6e Spahis Marocains |
18/02/48 - 06/07/55 |
Formed from 4 squadrons raised from the 3e, 5e and 6e Groupes
d'Escadrons de Spahis Marocains (GESM), this was initially the
6e Groupe d'Escadrons de Spahis Marocains à Pied (GESMP).
Arriving in Tonkin, during 04/49 - 01/50 they provided security
along RC4 between Lang Son and That Khe. At the end of 02/50,
they relocated to Annam and operated around Dong Hoi, Hué
and Quang Tri. On 01/01/53, they were reorganised into a motorised
regiment (6e RSM) with 2 (later 4) squadrons in half-tracks,
operating in the Tourane (Da Nang) sector. A Commando (Commando
B2) for service under 2e Bureau (secret service) control was
formed on 24/07/53, Together with 3 squadrons of the Regiment,
and 532nd Auxilliary Company (Indochinese), they left for Laos,
operating around Seno from 12/53 - 07/54. A 5th Squadron, equipped
with M-24 Chaffee tanks, was created on 01/12/53, and provided
road security on RC9 and RC1. Regrouping at Tourane in 09/54,
the 6e RSM left for Algeria on 06/07/55. |
5e Spahis Marocains |
28/09/49 - 31/01/55 |
The 5e GESMP arrived at Saigon, and operated in Cochinchina (My
Tho and the Western Vaicos River. In 01/50, they received armoured
vehicles (and therefore abandoned their dismounted role), forming
the 5e RSM with 2 squadrons of Panhard 178B armoured cars (providing
road security and reconnaissance in Hoc Mon, then Tay Ninh from
1953-54, together with Indochinese Auxilliaries and Cao Daists)
and a squadron of Humber scout-cars (detached to Cambodia). Regrouping
at Trang Bang in 01/55, the unit was disbanded and its' personnel
transfered to the 2e RSM. |
Tunisians
Tirailleurs
Equipped and organised similarly to their Algerian and Moroccan
compatriots (although the red chéchia was worn
on parade), there were three March Battalions of Tirailleurs
Tunisiens (Tunisian Rifles) sent to fight in the Indochina War.
All were from the 4e RTT (4th Tunisian Rifle Regiment). Interestingly,
the 3rd Battalion arrived before the 2nd!
The units and service were:
Unit |
Dates of Service |
Notes |
BM/4e RTT |
01/05/47 - 11/08/49 |
After several weeks in Cochinchina, sent to Annam to occupy Binh
Thuan province, near to Phan Thiet, to guard RC1 (the "Mandarin
Road"). |
3e BM/4e RTT |
19/10/49 - 25/01/55 |
Initially operating in Cambodia (11/49 - 10/52), they were then
posted to Thu Dau Mot (Cochinchina) to maintain communications
between Saigon and the Highlands. After the cease-fire, they
received around 20,000 refugees from Tonkin in their sector.
Finally stationed in Cam Ranh, before repatriation. |
2e BM/4e RTT |
30/04/50 - 15/03/55 |
Relieved the 10e BTM (Moroccan) and operated initially in Cochinchina
(05-12/50), then Tonkin (01-05/51) before being transfered to
Annam, where they served in Hué, Quang Tri, Tourane (Da
Nang), Nha Trang, and Phan Thiet. |
Much of the above information comes from various excellent
articles in Militaria Magazine, by Jacques Sicard.
|